Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and methyl ester (FAME) are used by P. aeruginosa PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% PFAD FAME as carbon sources minimal medium with nitrogen concentration 1 g L?1. Mass spectrometry results show the crude produced predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C10-C10) dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C10-C10) at 503 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production 1.06 L?1 whereas it 2.1 L?1, reduction surface tension Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution 28 mN m?1 critical micelle (CMC) 26 mg measured products. Furthermore, 24 h emulsification indexes kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil were range 20–50%. Consequently, FAME, by-products from agricultural refining palm may result product that has higher added-value, biosurfactant, integrated biorefinery.